Grain Discolouration Disease Complex of Rice: Assessment and Management of Infested Grains Using Fungicides
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rice grain discoloration complex disease is threatening the crop all over the world and its of great importance because it leads to quality loss at harvest. So the present study was carried out to identify different fungi associated with this complex disease and management of infested rice seeds though fungicides. For this purpose, discolored grain samples were collected and different fungi were isolated. Identification of isolated fungi was done on the basis of their morphological characters and purified culture of each fungus was prepared. Pathogenecity test was carried out in-vitro and in-vivo using the percentage incidence calculation to confirm the involvement of fungi. Statistical results illustrated that the homogenous mixture of spore suspension contains fungal spores of Fusarium spp, Tricoderma, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergilus niger, Helmithosporium, Cercospora, Alternaria, Bipolaris and Curvularia of rice proven most lethal in showing the maximum symptoms in-vitro and in-vivo. Statistical data for seed germination exhibited that Carbendazim and Diathene-M45 were comparatively better and improved percentage seed germination up to considerable levels followed by Redomil, Topsin-M and Cordate respectively.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Arshad HMI, Khan JA, Naz S, Khan SN, Akram M (2009). Grain discoloration disease complex a new threat for rice crop and its management. Pak. J. Phytopathol., 21(1): 31-36.
Ashfaq M, Shaukat MS, Akhter M, Haider MS, Mubashar U, Hussain SB (2015). Comparison of fungal diversity of local and exotic rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm for their seed health. J. Animal & Plant Sci., 25(5): 1349- 1357
Awoderu, V.A., Bangura, N. and John, V.T. 1991. Incidence, distribution and severity of bacterial
diseases on rice in West Africa. Trop. Pest Manage. 37: 113-117.
Barnett HL, Hunter BB (1990). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Macmallian Publishing Company, New York, U.S.A. 4: 1-218.
Booth C (1971). The genus Aspergillus. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Surrey, England.1-237.
Ezuka A, Kaku H (2000). A historical review of bacterial blight of rice. Department of Genetic Resources II and I. Bull. Nat. Ins. Agrobiol. Res., 15: 1-207.
Ghafoor A, Khan SAJ (1976). List of diseases of economic plants in Pakistan. Ministry of food and agriculture, Islamabad, Pakistan. 26 pp.
Gutierrez SA, Mazzanti-de-Castanon MA, Cundamm MA (2002). Fungi isolated from rice seed in Argentina. Phytopathol., 37(2):156-163.
Habib A, Javed N, Sahi ST, Waheed M (2012). Detection of seed borne mycoflora of different coarse and fine rice varieties and their management through seed Treatments. Pak. J. Phytopathol., 24(2):133-136.
Ibiam OFA, Umechuruba CI, Arinze AE (2006). In vitro Seed-dressing Technique for the Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Rice Variety. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 12(3): 39 - 43.
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) (1985). International Rules for seeds testing. Seed Sci. Technol., 3:299-335.
Islam W, Rasool A, Wu Z (2016a). Inhibitory effects of medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Mayfeb J. Agric. Sci., 3: 15-20.
Islam W, Awais M, Noman A, Wu Z (2016b). Success of bio products against bacterial leaf blight disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PSM Microbiol., 01(2): 50- 55.
Islam W, Ahmed M (2016). Inhibitory effects of organic extracts against Aspergilus flavus and their comparative efficacy upon germination of infested rice seeds. PSM Microbiol., 01(2): 79- 84.
Islam W, Nazir I, Noman A, Zaynab M, and Wu Z (2017). Identification of Different Fungi
Associated With Grain Discoloration Complex Disease of Rice and Management of Infested Grains through Fungicides. International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), pp. 030-035,
Islam W, Nazir I, Noman A, Zaynab M, Wu Z (2017a). Inhibitory effect of different plant extracts on Trogoderma granarium (everts) (coleoptera: dermestidae). Int. J. Agri and Env. Res., 3(1): 121-130.
Islam W, Zhang J, Adnan M, Noman A, Zaynab M, Wu Z (2017b). Plant virus ecology: A glimpse of recent accomplishments. Appl. Ecol. Env. Res., 15(1): 691-705.
Javed MS, Wahid A, Idrees M, Gill MA, Saleem A (2002). Seed mycoflora studies in rice. Pak. J. Physiol., 14(2): 132-134.
Khan JA, Jamil FF, Gill MA (2000). Screening of rice varieties/ lines against bakanae and baterial leaf blight (BLB). Pak. J. Phytopathol., 12: 6‒11.
Khan JA, Arshad MI, Jamil FF, Hasnain S (2009). Evaluation of rice genotypes against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease. Pak. J. Phytopathol., 21: 26‒30.
Maji E. A. and Imolehin E. D. (2010). Effects of nitrogen Fertilizer and plant growth regulators on susceptibility of Rice to sheath blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani). Niger. Agric. J. 41(2): 7- 12.
Mathur SB, Kongsdal O (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detection fungi, Published by the ISTA, Switzerland, 1: 393- 399.
Ma LY, Ji Z, Bao J, Mu X, Li X, Zhuang J, Yang C, Xia Y (2008). Responses of rice genotypes carrying different dwarf genes to Fusarium moniliform and Gibberellic acid, Pl. Prod. Sci., 11: 134-138.
Misra JK, Gergon EB, Mew TW (1995). Storage fungi and seed health of rice: a study in the Philippines. Mycopathol., 1: 13-24.
Nghiep HV, Gaur A (2005). Efficacy of seed treatment in improving Seed quality in rice. Oman Rice., 13: 42-51.
Nelson PE, Toussoum TA, Maracas WF (1983). Aspergillus spp. An illustrated manual for identification. The State University Press, Penn, U.S.A, 203
Ou SH (1985). Rice Diseases. CAB International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, U.K.
Raiz M, Nayer MN, Anayetullah M (1995). Worked on seeds of 225 samples of rice, collected from the provinces of Pakistan. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 27(11): 389-392.
Rehman A, Mehboob S, Islam W, Khan NA (2013). Reaction of gram (Cicer Arietinum L.) varieties against gram blight disease (Didymella Rabiei (Kovatsch.) Arx) and its management through foliar fungicides in rain fed areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Phytopathol., 25(01): 07-14.
Sitara U, Akhter S (2007). Efficacy of fungicides, sodium hypochlorite and neem seed powder to control seed borne pathogens. Pak. J. Bot., 39(1): 285-292.
Smith A, Bruce D (2000). The Emergence of Agriculture. Scientific American library, A division of HPHLP. New York, USA
Steel RGD, Torrie GH, Dickey (1997). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biochemical Approach, 3rd ed. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, U.S.A.
USDA (2015). foreign agriculture services. Grain and feed annual Islamabad. Gain Report Number. 1517.
Zafar N, Aziz S, Masood S (2004). Phenotypic divergence for agro-morphological traits among landrace genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Pakistan. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 2: 335‒339.
Zahid MA, Akhtar M, Sabir M, Anwar M, Jamal A (2005). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis in coarse grain rice. Proceeding of the International seminar in rice crop. Oct 2-3. Rice Research Institute, Kala
Shah Kaku. 29.